Dr. Gary’s Nutritional Library

Bone sarcoma is rare. Bone sarcoma is known to be associated with high doses of ionizing radiation for therapeutic use and from accidental exposure. Bone sarcoma has a poor prognosis, especially radiation-induced sarcoma.

The risk of ionizing radiation and bone sarcoma was recognized by physicist, A. Beck, in 1922. High doses of 10 to 290 Gy (grays) of ionizing radiation are known to be associated with bone sarcoma. These doses have been given as cancer therapy. Bone sarcoma has rarely been associated with doses below 5 Gy.

The authors studied survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, concerning the relationship between radiation exposure levels and the development of bone sarcoma. Records of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort were studied. These people received low to high radiation exposures. Extensive records have been compiled since the bombs were exploded. This study also focused on the importance of age at exposure to the later development of sarcoma.

The study included 80,181 people. Of these 24,733 developed cancer with 19 being bone sarcoma. Of the sarcomas, 8 were in females and 11 were in males. The average age of the people was 32.4 years at the time of the bombing and 61.6 years at the time of diagnosis. The threshold dose of radiation or the lowest dose for development of sarcoma was .85 Gy.

Five of the sarcoma tumors were osteosarcoma. The most common site for development of bone sarcoma was the pelvis and, next, the extremities and the spinal cord.

CONCLUSION: Radiation-induced bone sarcoma appears to be caused by a lower dose of ionizing radiation than was previously thought according to this analysis of the records from Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan. The dose threshold for the development of sarcoma was only .85 Gy.

NOTE: To read about the radiation risk of the Chernobyl accident, see Summary #473

PMID: 21454744.

Summary #480.

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